Rehmanniae Preparata : Shu Di Huang : 8-30g: Tonifies the Kidneys and nourishes Jing, Yin and Blood. With Shan Zhu Yu, nourishes Kidney Yin and secures Jing, while restraining urination and sweating.
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) Autophagy: Vol. Brewitt-Taylor (Romance of Three Kingdoms): The English translation of ROTK by Brewitt-Taylor is very old. Therefore, it uses the Yale name system (names like Tsao Tsao, Liu Pei, and Sun Chuan), which is less popular.
Today I will teach you the Cantonese alphabet. If you follow everything provided in this page, you will be able to read, write and pronounce the Cantonese letters quickly and easily. I'm providing the sound. Tian Ma Gou Teng Wan (Tian Ma Gou Teng Pian, Tian Ma Gou Teng San, Liver Windclear Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology (JBN) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary journal providing broad coverage in all research areas focused on the applications of. Xing Yi Quan (Chinese: . The name of the art translates approximately to 'Form-Intention Fist.
Xing Yi Quan - Wikipedia. Xing Yi Quan (Chinese: . A practitioner of Xing Yi uses coordinated movements to generate bursts of power intended to overwhelm the opponent, simultaneously attacking and defending. Methods vary from school to school, but always include bare- handed fighting training (mostly in single movements/combinations and sometimes in forms) and the training of weapons usage with similar or identical body mechanics to that used for bare- handed fighting. The most basic notions of movement and body mechanics in the art were heavily influenced by the practice of staffs and spears.
Historically and technically related martial arts include Dai Xin Yi Liu He Quan, Liu He Xin Yi Quan or Yi Quan. Origins. Yue Fei is the second person from the left. This portrait is believed to be the . Legend credits the creation of Xing Yi to renowned Song Dynasty (9. AD) general Yue Fei.
Inside it says, '.. Yue Fei was a child, he received special instructions from Zhou Tong. Extremely skilled in spearfighting, he used the spear to create fist techniques and established a skill called Yi Quan (. Meticulous and unfathomable, this technique far outstripped ancient ones. After Yue Fei's death, the art was 'lost' for half a millennium. Then, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Shaanxi Province's Zhongnan Mountains, Yue Fei's boxing manual was said to have been discovered by Ji Gong.
It is more likely though that Ji Jike had created the art based on prior martial arts experience, or passed on an art that had already existed. General history (ancient times - 2. Nonetheless, according to Jwing- Ming, Yue Fei is usually identified as the creator because of his considerable understanding of the art (as shown in the work The Ten Theses of Xingyiquan, credited to Yue) and his cultural status as a Chinese war hero. It ought be noted that in Chinese culture, it is common to attribute the creation of great traditions to legendary individuals. In such a way, the art of Tai Ji Quan is attributed to the legendary Zhang Sanfeng, and Daoism to Laozi, even though as in the case with Yue Fei, there exists no proof for such claim. Other martial artists and Chinese martial art historians, such as Dan Miller, Cartmell, and Brian Kennedy, hold that this story is largely legendary; while Xing Yi Quan may well have evolved from military spear techniques, there is no evidence to support that Yue Fei was involved or that the art dates to the Song dynasty. These authors point out that the works attributed to Yue Fei's role long postdate his life, some being as recent as the Republican era, and that it was common practice in China to attribute new works to a famous or legendary person, rather than take credit for oneself.
Most practitioners just assume it was written by Dai Long Bang. Some researchers of martial arts believe that it was actually written in Shanxi during the final years of the 1. Ji Longfeng, also known as Ji Jike, is the first person which all agree had both existed and practiced the art.
Ji Longfeng's contributions to the art are described in the Ji Clan Chronicles (. Like the Preface, the Chronicles describes Xing Yi Quan as a martial art based on the combat principles of the spear. The Chronicles, however, attributes this stylistic influence to Ji himself, who was known as the .
Nowadays, many believe that the style Ji Longfeng was taught had been Shaolin Xin Yi Ba. Ji Longfeng referred to his art as Liu He, The Six Harmonies, a reference to the most highly developed spear style practiced in the late Ming military.
Some speculate that during that period in the development of the art, either Ji Longfeng or some of his students had a connection with monks at the famous Shaolin Temple on Song Mountain. There exists a martial art called 'Xin Yi Ba', which is still taught at the general location of the temple, and bears a few similarities to Xing Yi related styles.
Some claim that Shaolin Xin Yi Ba had been taught to the Shaolin monks by Ji Longfeng's line, while others hold the view that Ji Longfeng was taught martial arts by the monks. From Ji Longfeng, the art was passed down to Cao Jiwu.
From Cao Jiwu, the art split into its two biggest branches. One branch came down from Cao's student Ma Xueli. The art remains in the Dai clan to this day, but has also spread elsewhere in China and around the world. The art remained fairly obscure until Li Luoneng (also known as Li Nengran) learned the art from the Dai family in the 1. It was Li Luoneng and his successors . Some claim his original art was Qimen Quan (. It is generally agreed he then settled in the area of their village, and grew and sold vegetables, which earned him the nickname 'Li Lao Nong' .
Initially, members of the Dai clan refused to teach him, but he eventually won over their trust, and he was taught by Dai Wenxiong, Guo Weihan, or both. After learning Dai Xin Yi for a number of years, perhaps over a decade, Li left the Dai territories and traveled across Shanxi and Hebei provinces, teaching for many years his own elaboration on the art, now called 'Xing Yi Quan'. No reasons were ever recorded for the many changes.
Li and many of his students and grand- students were famous for offering bodyguard and caravan escort services. Recent history (2. This included armed techniques such as bayonet and sabre drills alongside unarmed techniques. During Sun Lutang's lifetime and martial 'career', he and several of his contemporaries began to classify Xing Yi, together with Taiji Quan and Bagua Zhang, as 'Wudang Martial Arts' style.
Later, many others have spread the art across China and the world. Yi Quan, which had been evolved from Xing Yi Quan by Wang Xiangzhai, became especially widespread during the 2. China and across the world. Following the Cultural Revolution in China, some Xing Yi forms have been adapted to fit the needs of modern practitioners of the competitive sport of Wushu.
This meant that various movement forms from the art were adapted to a competitive format, in which the emphasis was put on aesthetics and flowery movements, rather than on fighting. The style is nonetheless relatively rare in wushu competitions because all wushu practitioners must compete in several mandatory events, which make Xing Yi, a non- mandatory art, a secondary priority in wushu competitive circles.
As there had never been a single organizational body governing the teaching of the art, several variant styles and sub- styles developed. Although there are classical texts which include specific encoded instructions and general guidelines for practice, many of these are ignored by most modern practitioners, and interpreted in different ways by those who follow their instruction (this is depicted in the lineage chart further down this page). As a result, over the decades and especially over the last few dozen years, branches of the art have considerably differentiated and diverged. This trend was strengthened by cross influences various Xing Yi teachers had from other martial arts and martial artists, and the spread of Xing Yi to the Western World. The art began to be taught in the West somewhere along the 1. However, it only rose to prominence among martial arts communities worldwide during the first decade of the 2.
Currently, it is still not well known among the general public. One explanation for this situation is that unlike other traditional oriental martial arts, Xing Yi was not a notable style in movies which became popular in the West (and though a modified 'wushu' version of it appeared in The One, starring Jet Li, this was not told or hinted to the viewers as part of that film's script). Arguably, the most common Xing Yi Quan lineage in the West today is of the Yi Zong branch. Many of Zhang's students and grand- students, such as Kenneth Fish (martial artist), Hung I- Hsiang, Su Dongchen. This branch became the most popular because Taiwan was open to Westerners during the 2. Communist regime on mainland China did not allow Westerners to visit regularly, and thus people were not exposed to branches of the art from the mainland. Contrary to popular belief, spread by some Taiwanese teachers, the art had not 'died out' on the mainland, but was simply inaccessible to outsiders for several decades (proof of this is that many lineages of the art discussed and referenced on this page had survived The Great Leap Forward and The Cultural Revolution).
Another popular Taiwanese branch in the West is Wang Shujin's lineage, which was chiefly transmitted by his student Wang Fulai. There are also several lineages from Tianjin which are nowadays taught in the West, namely in Canada.
In the United States, Dai Xin. Yi is taught by Li Tailiang and several of his students. Specialized terms which describe historically specific concepts (names of ancient weapons for example) are commonly interpreted with regards for their closest, modern linguistic equivalent. The results can be problematic, producing translations which are linguistically correct but inconsistent within a fighting or martial context. The recognized founder of Bagua Zhang, Dong Hai Chuan, was reputed to have fought Guo Yunshen with neither able to defeat the other - though it is possible that they were training together. It would have been controversial at the time for Dong Hai Chuan to have studied under Guo Yunshen, since Dong was the older of the two.
The most neutral viewpoint would be to say that they trained together, which may explain the stylistic similarities between Bagua Zhang and the Xing Yi Quan monkey shape. Frantzis argues that a Xing Yi - Bagua exchange was more likely to have occurred in Tianjin c. Li Cunyi and Zhang Zhaodong, Bagua master Cheng Tinghua, and four other xingyi and bagua teachers lived together (Frantzis, 1. Sun Lutang states in his autobiography that the legendary fight between Guo Yunshen and Dong Hai Chuan never happened. Sun Lutang was a student of both Guo Yunshen and Cheng Tinghua so this stance on the subject seems to be one of the most accurate.