List of One Thousand and One Nights characters. This is a list of characters within the medieval collection of Middle Easternfolk tales.
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Sufi Story: THE DREAM. A visitor came to a Chishti pir. Deep within the cave, Aladdin begins to examine the lamp, finding a worn inscription on the side of it. Aladdin discovers that the lamp is home to. The Barmakids (Persian: The Khazar Empire and its Heritage. This book traces the history of the. The Arabian Nights /One Thousand and One Nights/ Notes: This book holds some of the folktales form the Arabian Nights Entertainments. Selected and edited by Andrew. Thousand nights and one night. ALF LAYLA wa-LAYLA, 'Thousand nights and one night' is the title of the most famous Arabian collection of fairy-tales.
One Thousand and One Nights. Characters in the frame story. She is the daughter of the kingdom's vizier and sister of Dunyazad (Persian: .
For 1. 00. 1 nights, Scheherazade tells her husband a story every night, stopping at dawn with a cliffhanger, forcing the King to keep her alive for another day. Dunyazad. In the story cycle, it is she who (at Scheherazade's instruction) initiates the tactic of cliffhanger storytelling to prevent her sister's execution by Shahryar. Dunyazad, brought to her sister's bedchamber so that she could say farewell before Scheherazade's execution the next morning, asks her sister to tell one last story.
At the successful conclusion of the tales, Dunyazad marries Shah Zaman, Shahryar's younger brother. She is recast as a major character as the narrator of the Dunyazadiad segment of John Barth's novel Chimera. Scheherazade's Father.
Every day, on the king's order, he beheads the brides of Shahryar. He does this for many years until all the unmarried women in the kingdom have either been killed or run away, at which point Scheherazade offers to marry the king. The vizier tells Scheherazadethe Tale of the Bull and the Ass, in an attempt to discourage his daughter from marrying the king. It does not work and she marries Shahryar anyway.
At the end of the 1. Scheherazade's father goes to Samarkand where he replaces Shah Zaman as sultan. Shahryar. So every night for three years, he takes a wife and has her executed the next morning, until he marries Scheherazade, his vizier. For 1. 00. 1 nights in a row, Scheherazade tells Shahryar a story, each time stopping at dawn with a cliffhanger, thus forcing him to keep her alive for another day so that she can complete the tale the next night. After 1,0. 01 stories she has told Shahryar, she tells him that she has no more stories to tell him. However, during the stories, Shahryar has grown into a wise ruler and rekindles his trust in women. Shah Zaman. Shah Zaman catches his first wife in bed with a cook and cuts them both in two.
Then, while staying with his brother, he discovers that Shahry. At this point, Shah Zaman comes to believe that all women are untrustworthy and he returns to Samarkand where, as his brother does, he marries a new bride every day and has her executed before morning. At the end of the story, Shahry. Shah Zaman decides to stay with his brother and marries Scheherazade's beautiful younger maiden sister, Dunyazad with whom he has fallen in love. Characters in Scheherazade's stories. He is noted for having a magic tent which would expand so as to shelter an army, and contract so that it could go into one's pocket. Ahmed travels to Samarkand city and buys an apple that can cure any disease if the sick person smells it.
Ahmed rescues the Princess Peri Banu (or Paribanou), a genie. Aladdin. He goes hungry for many months until he sees Zumurrud on sale in a slave market. Zumurrud gives Ali the money to buy her and the two live together and fall in love. A year later Zumurrud is kidnapped by a Christian and Ali spends the rest of the story finding her. Prince Ali. He travels to Shiraz, the capital Persia, and buys a magic perspective glass that can see for hundreds of miles.
Badroulbadour. Aladdin uses the genie of the lamp to foil the Princess's arranged marriage to the Grand Vizier's son, and marries her himself. The Princess is described as being somewhat spoiled and vain. Her name is often changed in many retellings to make it easier to pronounce. The Barber of Baghdad.
The ability to read Greek, Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Byzantine, Syriac and Hebrew, as well as a deep understanding of botany, philosophy and natural history are only a few. He cures King Yunan from leprosy. Duban works his medicine in an unusual way: he creates a mallet and ball to match, filling the handle of the mallet with his medicine. When the king plays with the ball and mallet, he perspires, thus absorbing the medicine through the sweat from his hand into his bloodstream. After a short bath and a sleep, the King is cured, and rewards Duban with wealth and royal honor. Yunan's vizier, however, becomes jealous of Duban, and persuades Yunan into believing that Duban will later produce a medicine to kill him.
The king eventually decides to punish Duban for his alleged treachery, and summons him to be beheaded. After unsuccessfully pleading for his life, Duban offers one of his prized books to Yunan to impart the rest of his wisdom. Yunan agrees, and the next day, Duban is beheaded, and Yunan begins to open the book, finding that no printing exists on the paper. After paging through for a time, separating the stuck leaves each time by first wetting his finger in his mouth, he begins to feel ill.
Yunan realises that the leaves of the book were poisoned, and as he dies, the king understands that this was his punishment for betraying the one that once saved his life. Hussain. After sunset Maruf meets a very powerful Jinni, he is then transported by the Jinni to a distant land known as Ikhtiyan al- Khatan. Morgiana. She is initially in Cassim's household but on his death she joins his brother Ali Baba and through her quick wittedness she saves Ali's life many times and eventually kills his worst enemy, the leader of the Forty Thieves.
As reward, Ali frees her and Morgiana marries Ali's son. Sinbad the Porter.
The owner of the house is Sinbad the Sailor, who hears the porter's lament and sends for him. Amused by the fact that they share a name, Sinbad the Sailor relates the tales of his seven wondrous voyages to his namesake. He is from Basra, but in his old age, he lives in Baghdad.
He recounts the tales of his seven voyages to Sinbad the Porter. Sultan of the Indies. All three want to marry their cousin Princess Nouronnihar (Arabic: . At the start of the story, Yunan is suffering from leprosy but he is cured by Duban the physician whom he rewards greatly. This makes Yunan's vizier become jealous and he persuades the King that Duban wants to overthrow him.
At first Yunan does not believe this and tells his vizier the Tale of the Husband and the Parrot to which the vizier responds by telling the Tale of the Prince and the Ogress. This convinces Yunan that Duban is guilty and he has him executed. Yunan later dies after reading a book of Duban's, the pages of which had been poisoned.
Zayn Al- Asnam. He erects eight statues of gold (or diamond) and in quest for a statue for the ninth unoccupied pedestal, finding what he wanted in the person of a beautiful woman for a wife. Al- Asnam is given a mirror by a Genie.
Called the touch- stone of virtue, the mirror would inform Al- Asnam, upon looking into it, whether his damsel was faithful or not. If the mirror remained unsullied so was the maiden; if it clouded, the maiden had been unfaithful. Zumurrud. She is bought by, and falls in love with, Ali Shar with whom she lives until she is kidnapped by a Christian. Zumurrud escapes from the Christian only to be found and taken by Javan (Juvenile) the Kurd. Again, Zumurrud manages to get away from her captor, this time by dressing up as a man.
On her way back to Ali Shar, Zumurrud is mistaken for a noble Turk and made Queen of an entire kingdom. Eventually, Zumurrud is reunited with Ali Shar. Real people. The hedonistic poet appears in several of the tales. Al- Mustansir. The Barber of Baghdad tells Mustensir stories of his six brothers. Al- Mustazi. In at least one of these stories, . He appears with his wife, Shirin, in a story on the three hundred and ninety- first night called Khusrau and Shirin and the Fisherman.
Shirin (Arabic: . She appears with her husband, Khosrau, in a story on the three hundred and ninety- first night called Khusrau and Shirin and the Fisherman.
Thirteenth Tribe. The. Khazar Empire and its Heritageby. Arthur Koestler. This. Khazar Empire, a major but.
Eastern Europe, which in the Dark Ages. Judaism. Khazaria was finally wiped out by the.
Genghis Khan, but evidence indicates that the Khazars. Poland and formed the cradle of Western Jewry. Koestler. speculates about the ultimate faith of the Khazars and their impact. Jewry. He. produces a large body of meticulously detailed research in support. Yet should this theory be confirmed.
Koestler writes, it is based . The story of the Khazar. Empire, as it slowly emerges from the past, begins to look like. At the peak of its. AD, it played a significant. Europe. The Byzantine Emperor and historian, Constantine. Porphyrogenitus (9.
Pope in Rome, and similarly those to the Emperor. West, had a gold seal worth two solidi attached to them. King of the Khazars displayed a seal worth. This was not flattery, but Realpolitik.
It acted as a buffer protecting. Byzantium against invasions by the lusty barbarian tribesmen of. Bulgars, Magyars, Pechenegs, etc. But equally, or even more. Byzantine diplomacy and. European history, is the fact that the Khazar armies effectively.
Arab avalanche in its most devastating early stages. Muslim conquest of Eastern Europe. Professor. Dunlop of Columbia University, a leading authority on the history.
Khazars, has given a concise summary of this decisive yet. The. Khazar country .
Within a few years of the death of Muhammad (AD 6. Caliphate, sweeping northward through the wreckage. Caucasus. This barrier once passed, the road lay. Europe. As it was, on the line of the. Caucasus the Arabs met the forces of an organized military power. The wars of the Arabs and the Khazars, which.
The Franks of Charles Martel. Tours turned the tide of Arab invasion.
At about. the same time the threat to Europe in the east was hardly less acute. In due time. their son became the Emperor Leo IV, known as Leo the Khazar. But. by that time the impetus of the Muslim Holy War was spent, the Caliphate. Arab invaders retraced. Caucasus without having gained a permanent. Khazars became more powerful. No. doubt their contemporaries were as astonished by this decision as.
Arab. Byzantine, Russian and Hebrew sources. One of the most recent comments.
Hungarian Marxist historian, Dr. Antal Bartha. His book on The Magyar Society in the Eighth and. Ninth Centurieshas several chapters on the Khazars. Hungarians were ruled by them. It reads: Our. investigations cannot go into problems pertaining to the history. Khazar kingdom’s state religion. It was the Jewish faith.
We shall, however, confine ourselves. Christian proselytizing by Byzantium, the Muslim influence from. East, and in spite of the political pressure of these two powers. Khazars, and cannot be considered. Which. leaves us only slightly more bewildered than before. Yet whereas. the sources differ in minor detail, the major facts are beyond dispute.
The general picture that emerges. Khazar tribes and communities into those regions of Eastern Europe.
Russia and Poland — where, at the dawn of the. Modern Age, the greatest concentrations of Jews were found.
This. has lead several historians to conjecture that a substantial part. Jews — and hence of world. Jewry — might be of Khazar, and not of Semitic Origin. Thus in the 1. 97. Encyclopaedia Judaica the article .
There seems to be a considerable. Europe. of descendants of the Khazars. How. important, in quantitative terms, is that ? One of the most. radical propounders of the hypothesis concerning the Khazar origins.
Jewry is the Professor of Mediaeval Jewish History at Tel Aviv. University, A. His book Khazaria (in Hebrew) was. Tel Aviv, and a second edition in 1.
In his introduction he writes that the facts demand —a. Khazar. Jewry and other Jewish communities, and to the question of how far. If so, this would mean that their.
Jordan but from the Volga, not from. Canaan but from the Caucasus, once believed to be the cradle of. Aryan race; and that genetically they are more closely related. Hun, Uigur and Magyar tribes than to the seed of Abraham. Isaac and Jacob. Should this turn out to be the case, then the term. His state. passed away — whereas the despised city of Constantinople remained.
The tents vanished, the towns remained. The Hun state was.
Yet the Hun presence on the European scene lasted a mere eighty. Khazars held its own for the best. They too lived chiefly in tents, but they.
Soviet archaeologists. They. found the traces of villages extending over several miles, with. Some remaining ox- ploughs showed remarkable craftsmanship. According. to the Soviet archaeologists, these were found all over the territories. Khazars, and were of an earlier date than their.
Obviously the round- houses. For the contemporary Arab sources tell us that the Khazars. Itil — during the winter; come spring, they packed their tents. These fortresses formed a rough semi- circular. Crimea (which the Khazars ruled for a time) across. Donetz and the Don to the Volga; while. Caucasus, to the west.
Black Sea, and to the east by the . However, the northern chain of fortifications marked. Khazar country. the actual boundaries of their rule over the tribes of the north. At the peak of their. Caucasus. the Aral Sea, the Ural Mountains, the town of Kiev and the Ukrainian. The people under Khazar suzerainty included the Bulgars.
Burtas, Ghuzz, Magyars (Hungarians), the Gothic and Greek colonies. Crimea, and the Slavonic tribes in the north- western woodlands. Artamonov: Until. Khazars had no rivals to their supremacy. Black Sea and the adjoining steppe and. Dnieper. The Khazars were the supreme masters. Eastern Europe for a century and a hall.
Ural- Caspian gateway. Asia into Europe. During this whole period, they held back. East. Taking. a bird’s- eye view of the history of the great nomadic empires.
East, the Khazar kingdom occupies an intermediary position. Hun and Avar. Empires which preceded, and the Mongol Empire that succeeded it. But. who were these remarkable people — remarkable as much by their. Their land is cold and wet.
Accordingly their complexions. Their general. aspect is wild. Nor had the Georgian. Armenian scribes, whose countries, of a much older culture, had. Khazar horsemen. A Georgian chronicle.
Gog and Magog — . An Armenian writer refers. Lastly. the Arab geographer Istakhri, one of the main Arab sources, has.
They are. black- haired, and are of two kinds, one called the Kara- Khazars. Istakhri’s black- skinned Khazars. Khazars’ physical appearance, or their ethnic Origins.
Even the Huns, of whom we know much more, are of uncertain. Chinese Hiung- nu.
Hun in a similarly indiscriminate way to nomadic. From the fifth century onward. The term is also supposed to be of Chinese. Thus. the term Turk, in the sense in which it was used by mediaeval writers. In this sense the Huns and Khazars. The Khazar language was supposedly.
Chuvash dialect of Turkish, which still survives in the Autonomous. Chuvash Soviet Republic, between the Volga and the Sura. The Chuvash. people are actually believed to be descendants of the Bulgars, who. Khazars. But all these connections. All we can say with safety is that the. Khazars were a . Most likely.
Turkish root gaz, . Of greater interest to the non- specialist.
Russian. Cossack and the Hungarian Huszar — both signifying martial. German Ketzer — heretic, i. Jew. If these derivations are correct, they would show that the. Khazars had a considerable impact on the imagination of a variety. Middle Ages. 4. Some. Persian and Arab chronicles provide an attractive combination of.
They may start with the Creation and end. Thus Yakubi, a ninth- century Arab historian. Khazars back to Japheth, third son of Noah. It mentions the Khazars in a list of people.
Caucasus. Other sources indicate that. Huns. In AD 4. 48, the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius. II sent an embassy to Attila which included a famed rhetorician. Priscus. He kept a minute account not only of the diplomatic. Attila’s. sumptuous banqueting hall — he was in fact the perfect gossip. Hun customs and habits.
But Priscus also has anecdotes to tell about. Huns whom he calls Akatzirs — that. Ak- Khazars, or . The Byzantine. Emperor, Priscus tells us, tried to win this warrior race over to. Khazar chieftain, named Karidach, considered. Huns. Attila. defeated Karidach’s rival chieftains, installed him as the.
Akatzirs, and invited him to visit his court. For, as one cannot stare into the sun’s. The Khazars during most of this period seemed to be happily. Caucasian regions of Georgia. Armenia, and collecting precious plunder. During the second.
Caucasus. A number of these tribes — the. Sabirs, Saragurs, Samandars, Balanjars, etc. The toughest resistance. Bulgars. But they too were. Danube, into. the region of modern Bulgaria, others north- eastward to the middle. Volga, the latter remaining under Khazar suzerainty.
We shall frequently. Danube Bulgars and Volga Bulgars in the course of. It. was a confederation of tribes, held together by a ruler: the Kagan. Khagan — a title which the Khazar rulers too were subsequently. This first Turkish state — if one may call it that. However, it was only after the establishment.
After the eclipse of the Turks in the. According to one tradition, the great Persian King Khusraw (Chosroes). Anushirwan (the Blessed) had three golden guest- thrones in his palace. Emperors of Byzantium, China and of the Khazars.
But whether fact or legend, the story fits in. Emperor Constantine’s official account of the triple. Imperial Chancery to the ruler of the. Khazars. 6. Thus. Muslim hurricane was unleashed from Arabia, the Middle East. Byzantium, Persia, and the. West Turkish Empire.
The first two of these had been waging intermittent. Byzantium recovered, but the Persian. Khazars were actually.
There are several. Khazars in that campaign which. The Khazars provided Heraclius with. Ziebel, who participated.
Persia, but then — presumably fed up with. Greeks — turned back to lay siege. Tiflis; this was unsuccessful, but the next year they again joined.
Heraclius, took the Georgian capital, and returned with.